What Is It & How Does It Get Into Water?

Fluoride is added to ~73% of U.S. public water systems to prevent tooth decay. Concerns exist about total fluoride exposure from all sources combined.

Utilities add fluoride (as fluorosilicic acid or sodium fluoride) at a target of 0.7 ppm per HHS recommendation.

Health Effects From Shower Exposure

• Skin absorption: Some studies suggest limited fluoride absorption through skin, though this remains debated
• Inhalation: Fluoride in hot shower steam creates a potential exposure pathway
• Cumulative exposure: Shower exposure adds to dietary and dental product sources
• Thyroid sensitivity: People with thyroid conditions may be more sensitive to fluoride

Regulatory Standards & Health Guidelines

Filtration Methods That Remove It

Note: Most standard shower filters have limited fluoride effectiveness. Discuss whole-house solutions with a specialist if fluoride is your primary concern.

How Afina Shower Filtration Can Help

Afina's multi-stage filtration system uses activated carbon and KDF-55 media to reduce chlorine, heavy metals, and other contaminants — helping protect your skin, hair, and overall health.

Cities Most Affected

While this contaminant can be found in water systems nationwide, these areas tend to have higher levels:

• Most major U.S. cities (73% fluoridated)
• Portland, OR (one of few large cities without)

Check your local water quality at the EWG Tap Water Database by entering your zip code.

Related Reading

• water quality in Houston, Texas
• water quality in Phoenix, Arizona
• water quality in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania